Gagauzes
The study of history, ethnogenesis, culture, language of the Gagauzians became an object of study of Russian orientalists from the middle of the 19th century V.V. Radlov, P.I. Keppen, N.K. Dmitriev, N.S. Derzhavin, L.B.Berg, Bulgarian scientists K. Irchek, G.Zanetov, L.Miletich, D.Hajanov, Polish orientalist T. Kowalski. In the Republic of Kazakhstan the language of compactly inhabiting Gagauzians was studied by the well-known turkologist A.S Amanzholov. In the framework of the international project "Interaction of history, culture, language of the Turkic peoples in post-Soviet Kazakhstan", the project participants, as well as students and professors, teachers of the Department of Turkic Studies conducted questionnaires, examined the history of the migration of Gagauz to Kazakhstan, as well as their language, culture and adaptation in the conditions of Kazakhstan (N.Shaymerdinova, I.Nevskaya, S.Tazhibaeva, K.Shening).
The ethnogenesis of the Gagauzians historically, probably, dates back to the Kimako-Kypchak states of the 11th-14th centuries, which played its historical role in the development and formation of the states of the Turkic peoples. Describing the ethnic composition of the Desh-Kypchak state in the pre-Mongol era, historians note that along with fairly ancient tribes that were still part of the Kimak union of tribes (yemek) or existed on their own, such as (Badjana Pechenegs, Bashkirs, Uz-guzes, Mankurogles) , there are also new ethnic tribes [1 p. 267].
According to Arab sources in the XIV century, the Kypchak Confederation was a conglomeration of Turkic peoples - large and small. To the large ones belonged "barga, toxoba, itoba, barat, alaras, to small ones - tag, bashkurt, kumanku, bazanku, bajna, karaborikli, uz, shortan" [quoted by Akhinzhanov, 1 p. 267].
From the aforesaid it follows that in the Kimak confederation, and later formed on the basis of its Kypchak state, could be the ancestors of the Gagauz (Uz-guz, uz).
One of the researchers of the ethnogenesis of the Gagauzes V.A Moshkov believes that the Gagauz are descendants of uzes or torches that in the 11th-12th centuries already adopted orthodoxy from the Russian people along with the remnants of the pechenegs, berendeys and other turkic tribes known in the Russian chronicles as "blacks hoods, "probably for the black hats they wore [2 pp. 12].
Encyclopaedic sources confirm our assumptions, noting that gagauzians in the majority are descendants of medieval turks, in particular, uzes or torques, which perceived elements of slavic (bulgarian) culture [3, p.624].
Subsequently, the movements of the Turkic (Kypchak) tribes westward into the basin of the Danube river, the gagauzes settled in Bulgaria and Romania. The unfavorable political, social, economic conditions created by the Ottoman Empire on the territory of some part of Eastern Europe forced most of the Gagauzians in the 18th-19th centuries to move from northeastern Bulgaria to the territory of modern Moldavia (especially after the Russian-Turkish war during 1828-1829).
Gradually the settlements of the gagauzes moved to the southern regions of Ukraine, the Crimea, and the Caucasus. After the Stolypin reform in 1908-1914 part of the Gagauz colonists were settled by the tsarist government in Kazakhstan. According to the All-Union census in 1926 year 830 Gagauzians were registered in the territory of Kazakhstan [4, p.81]. According to the 1970 census in the Soviet Union (including Kazakhstan - our remark), 157 thousand Gagauzians lived, abroad - 5 thousand people [3, p.624].
In the opinion of A.S Amanzholov, by the sixties of the 20th century, on the territory of Kazakhstan, the Gagauzes live in groups of several dozen people, mainly in the Semey region (in the villages of Kokpekty, Romanovka, Prokhladnoe, Ivanovka, Bukon of the Kokpekty district, in the village Georgievka of Zharma district, in Char, Aksuat, Ayagoz, Urzhar districts) and also in Aktobe, Tselinograd, Kostanai and Pavlodar oblasts. Some Gagauz families live in other regions of Kazakhstan, as well as Tashkent region of Uzbekistan [5, p.219].
As shown by the questionnaire data of this international project, nowadays Gagauzians also live in the cities of Almaty, Astana, Pavlodar, Turkestan, Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions. The reason for migration to the republic over the past decade has been: either personal circumstances (the creation of a family), or work in the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the latest population census in 2009, 493 Gagauzes live in the Republic of Kazakhstan [6].
Unlike many Turkic peoples, the Gagauz people are Orthodox believers, the icons are kept in houses. Nevertheless, the influence of Islam is noted, the Gagauz celebrate Kurban Bayram, Oraza Bayram. So, the participant of the sociological survey Kristina Toymaly (Astana, 22 years old) writes in the questionnaire that the confession is Christian: "If Easter, we bake cakes and go to church." If the holiday is Kurban bairam, we prepare national Kazakh dishes. " In addition, some Gagauzians living in the Republic profess Islam. "I go to madrasah, I pray, I follow all the rituals during Kurban Bayram", - the respondents Yuri, Ali, Stepan [www.tuyrki.weebly.com].
As our studies have shown, according to the documents, the nationality is documented as Gagauz, except for those Gagauzians who migrated from Moldova recently, where the nationality is not indicated in the passport. And for independent ethnic self-determination, 90% of respondents consider themselves also Gagauzians or call themselves gajals. The ethnic composition of the Gagauzians has been influenced on the one hand by the Slavic peoples - Bulgarians, Poles, Russians (some Gagauz identify themselves as Bulgarians); on the other hand, they are close in language, historical and ethno-cultural aspect, with the Turkic peoples, and especially with the Turks. These processes of assimilation are reflected in culture, in family-marital relations, in anthroponyms. Therefore, their surnames are either Slavic (Elena Dmitrieva), or Bulgarian, or Turkic-Slavic, or Turkic (Tomail, Dolapchy, Pulukchu, Dobrev, Radyshev, Karagyaur, Uzunov, etc.), or the name can be Slavic, and the surname is Turkic, for example, Vitali Demiroglu, or Slavic (Russian) names, and Bulgarian names (Ratmir Manov, Stepan Manov, Kristina Toimaly) [www.tmk.kz]. By creating families with representatives of their ethnic group, at the same time Gagauzians can get married with Russians, Ukrainians, Bulgarians, Tatars, Turks, ie. many mixed families, which also confirms the activity of the assimilation process.
The Turks had a great influence on the social and ethnocultural life of the Gagauz, especially during the conquest of the Balkan peoples - Bulgarians, Gagauzians, Macedonians, etc. As the researchers note, many Gagauzians forgot the Bulgarian language, because the Turks forbade speaking it. Conversely, the Gagauzians were supposed to speak Turkish: according to the questionnaire data and modern Gagauzes speak Turkish well. The Gagauzians themselves believe that the ethnonym Gagauz is the product of the Turks. For the abovementioned, A.S Amanzholov gives illustrations from a conversation with the Gagauz, residents of the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan. So, the folk etymology says: a) the gagany tut uz - "keep your beak straight," - that's what the Turks used to say when they beat the Bulgarians in the face (Kokpety village, I.I.Karaguarov reported, 55 years old); b) gaga uz - "the beak of a straight line" - was the name of the Bulgarians speaking Turkish, unlike the hump-nosed Turks (Romanovka village, reported to N.A.Panteleeva, 56 years old.) [5, p.221].
They call their language Turkic or Turkish (Turki dili). As the native language of the Gagauzes, they consider Gagauz, Russian, and Turkish. As the personal data show, respondents, calling the Gagauz as the native language (especially young people under 23 years old) do not know the Gagauz language and did not study it. On the contrary, the older generation of 40 and older know their mother tongue, studied it in primary or secondary school. Many Gagauzes lived and live in a Russian-speaking environment, speak Russian since childhood, studied in schools, colleges and universities. More than 60% of Gagauz people living in the Republic of Kazakhstan know one or another level of the Kazakh language. On the question of the questionnaire (question E-20) "Do you understand the meaning of the words " Ak Orda "," Baiterek "," Mazhilis "," Mazhilismen ", " Khabar "," Akim "," Nauryz "," Nauryz kozhe " ? 100 % of the respondents answered: "Yes." [www.tuyrki.weebly.com] Similar answers determine the ownership and attitude to the Kazakh language of the numerous peoples living in Kazakhstan, including Gagauz. In general, the Gagauzians are friendly towards the Kazakhs , know the Kazakh culture, traditions, cuisine, willingly are friends with Kazakhs, Russians, Azerbaijanis, Ukrainians living in Kazakhstan and are not going to migrate to another country.
In the future, 99% of Gagauz residents want to study Gagauzian language in Sunday schools, secondary schools, secondary specialized schools (question E-18).
The Gagauz language belongs to the Oguz group of languages and is close to the Turkish language in its language system. In our opinion, the main features of the Gagauz language in the phonetic system boil down to the following: diphthongization of upper and medium vowels, the functioning of secondary long vowels, strong palatization of the main body of consonants in combination with the vernacular vowels; in the syntax, unlike the Turkish language, the free order of words in the sentence. A.S.Amanzholov defines closely related links between the language system of the Gagauz and the Turkish languages. Let's mention some of them:
1) the vowel ә in unstressed position usually goes into e: bәn (I) - beni (me), hezhә (night) - hezhelәr (nights), etc. It should be noted, however, that this phenomenon is widely represented in the Chadyrlung and komrat dialects. ..;
2) combinations of nl, ml pass into nn: olannar - boys, insannan - with people, adamnan - with man, annady - understood;
3) the vowels of the front row e, u, ө, ү, ә at the beginning of the word are sometimes pronounced as iotirovannyh: yeev - house, yurdek - duck, yust-up;
4) vowels ө, o in the 1st syllable usually pronounced as a diphthong yo, үө: yon - ten, yonun - him, sүөidy - he spoke;
5) the presence of several forms of the present tense, which differentiate according to the dialects: - (a)yor, -yir, -yir, -er, -yar, -y, yy: aether - takes, oynaeer - plays, goerer - sees;
6) the presence of a grammatical feminine gender with the affix -ka, -yka, borrowed from the Slavic languages: vrachka - female doctor, chingeneyka - gypsy, Bulgarika - Bulgarian, chorbazhyka - mistress;
7) the presence of the postposition (y)lan, (y)len, (y)nan, (y) nen (in the Turkish literary language -ile, -la, -le): almayilan - with an apple, ekmelklan - with bread, chobannan - with a shepherd, chezmemnan - with my boot, onnar chykynan - as soon as they came out;
8) the Turkic order of words in the sentence under the influence of the Slavic languages was violated, and the relative freedom of word order, the widespread use of inversion in the Gagauz language is used as a stylistic device [5, p.224]. These language features in the phonetic, morphological, syntactic levels of the language, in our opinion, are also characteristic of the Kazakh Gagauz in their speech activity.
The Gagauz people living in Kazakhstan retain their national traditions, customs and rituals. Such ceremonies include the rites of "Dodola", "Pererada", "Herman"; the rite of causing rain; wedding customs. As the respondents note, "during the matchmaking, the future daughter-in-law prepares all the coffee, and the groom gives it to him with salt, and if he drinks coffee calmly and immediately, then it will easily overcome all the difficult moments of life" (according to the respondent Ali, 22 years old , Turkestan) [www.tuyrki.weebly.com]. Many Gagauzians want to create an ethnocultural Gagauz center in Astana (Ratmir Manov, Stepan Manov) in order to preserve the national culture, national identity, language.
The older generation of Gagauzians know the oral folk creativity of their people - fairy tales, legends, myths; with great pleasure convey the content of the epics "Koroghly", "Karagez".
And yet among the youth there are many patriots who want to know their language, traditions, culture. As an illustration, we cite a poem by a young Gagauz (a medical student) printed in Turkestan on March 15, 2014 in the newspaper ‘Yasavi Gazetasa’. The poem was also published in Moldova in the newspaper "United Gagauzia". The poem was written in Turkish, but, as the author himself notes, there is a version of it in the native Gagauz language.
Sevdim seni Gagavuzya / Love you, my Gagauzia
Sevdim seni Gagavuzya Love you, my Gagauzia.
Hiçbir zaman seni unutmam I will never forget you.
Askerlik yapmadan durulmaz I go to the army,
Durulmaz karşı düşmana To your enemies
Ki ben bir gün duracağım karşısında Fight till the end.
Gece gündüz bu türküyü çalarım Day and night I chant you.
Hep sen benim aklımda Always you are in my memory
Sevdim seni bir çiçek gibi As flowers I love you,
Kokun yüreğimde kaldı Wonderful smells of yours in my heart.
Ne zaman baksam yıldızlara Watching the night stars
, Benden o kadar uzaktasın I know, I am far from my homeland. Aslında bana o kadar yakınsın But you are near and dear to me,
Çünkü burası da benim memleketim Because this is my country!
Çünkü burası da benim! Because this is my land!
Vitali Demiroğlu
(translation into Russian N.G.Shaimerdinova)
As can be seen from the text, the poem is patriotic, not being a professional poet, the author was able to express his love for the Homeland of Gagauzia, to his native land, he is ready to protect him from enemies and to sing his day and night. At the same time, the poem is very lyrical - flowers, wonderful smells, night stars, light sadness - convey a special author's tonality to the entire text.
The people who have such sons, undoubtedly have a future, no matter what.
Bibliography
1. Akhinzhanov S.M. Kypchaks in the history of medieval Kazakhstan. - Almaty: Science, 1995 - 296 p.
2. Moshkov V.A. Gagauz of Bendery Uyezd. Ethnographic essays and materials / / Ethnographic Review. Book. XLIV. - M., 1990 – p. 7 - 15.
3. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia in 30 volumes. T.5. - Moscow, Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1971. – p.639.
4. Derzhavin N.S. On the name and ethnicity of the Gagauz. - Soviet Encyclopedia - No. 1. - M., 1937. – p. 80 - 87.
5. Amanzholov A.S. The experience of studying Turkic languages. - Astana: The Tome, 2012. – p.400.
6. National composition, religion and language proficiency in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Results of the National Population Census of 2009 / / Statistical Book. - Astana, 2010.
7. Website: www.tuyrki.weebly.com
8. Website: www.tmk.kz
9. Shaimerdinova N.G, Tazhibaeva S.Zh. Türkic languages of Kazakhstan: current state // "Language and Globalization": Collection of articles of the XVI International Scientific and Theoretical Conference. - Almaty, KazNU, 2013. - p. 58 - 61.
10. Nevskaya I.A, Tazhibaeva S.Zh., Shaimerdinova N.G, Tusupov J.K. Shening Turkic World of Kazakhstan: language research and database creation // Global-Turk // International Jornal for Information and Analytics . - Astana, International Turkic Academy, 2016. P.33-42 .
RESUME
The article is devoted to the Gagauz, living in the Republic of Kazakhstan - is considered the origins of the ethnogenesis of the people, the causes of their migration in Kazakhstan, a local place of residence, and the number of their religion; reveals the influence of Turkic (including Turkish), the Slavic peoples' language, culture and life of the Gagauz; We investigate the system features of the Gagauz language, possession of native and other languages, including Kazakh; has been noted Gagauz knowledge of their rites and customs, folklore; illustrated poem lyrics of the young poet- Gagauz, residents in the present time in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Keywords: Gagauz, history, migration, Kazakhstan, residence, population, religion, language, system features, customs and rituals, creativity.
The ethnogenesis of the Gagauzians historically, probably, dates back to the Kimako-Kypchak states of the 11th-14th centuries, which played its historical role in the development and formation of the states of the Turkic peoples. Describing the ethnic composition of the Desh-Kypchak state in the pre-Mongol era, historians note that along with fairly ancient tribes that were still part of the Kimak union of tribes (yemek) or existed on their own, such as (Badjana Pechenegs, Bashkirs, Uz-guzes, Mankurogles) , there are also new ethnic tribes [1 p. 267].
According to Arab sources in the XIV century, the Kypchak Confederation was a conglomeration of Turkic peoples - large and small. To the large ones belonged "barga, toxoba, itoba, barat, alaras, to small ones - tag, bashkurt, kumanku, bazanku, bajna, karaborikli, uz, shortan" [quoted by Akhinzhanov, 1 p. 267].
From the aforesaid it follows that in the Kimak confederation, and later formed on the basis of its Kypchak state, could be the ancestors of the Gagauz (Uz-guz, uz).
One of the researchers of the ethnogenesis of the Gagauzes V.A Moshkov believes that the Gagauz are descendants of uzes or torches that in the 11th-12th centuries already adopted orthodoxy from the Russian people along with the remnants of the pechenegs, berendeys and other turkic tribes known in the Russian chronicles as "blacks hoods, "probably for the black hats they wore [2 pp. 12].
Encyclopaedic sources confirm our assumptions, noting that gagauzians in the majority are descendants of medieval turks, in particular, uzes or torques, which perceived elements of slavic (bulgarian) culture [3, p.624].
Subsequently, the movements of the Turkic (Kypchak) tribes westward into the basin of the Danube river, the gagauzes settled in Bulgaria and Romania. The unfavorable political, social, economic conditions created by the Ottoman Empire on the territory of some part of Eastern Europe forced most of the Gagauzians in the 18th-19th centuries to move from northeastern Bulgaria to the territory of modern Moldavia (especially after the Russian-Turkish war during 1828-1829).
Gradually the settlements of the gagauzes moved to the southern regions of Ukraine, the Crimea, and the Caucasus. After the Stolypin reform in 1908-1914 part of the Gagauz colonists were settled by the tsarist government in Kazakhstan. According to the All-Union census in 1926 year 830 Gagauzians were registered in the territory of Kazakhstan [4, p.81]. According to the 1970 census in the Soviet Union (including Kazakhstan - our remark), 157 thousand Gagauzians lived, abroad - 5 thousand people [3, p.624].
In the opinion of A.S Amanzholov, by the sixties of the 20th century, on the territory of Kazakhstan, the Gagauzes live in groups of several dozen people, mainly in the Semey region (in the villages of Kokpekty, Romanovka, Prokhladnoe, Ivanovka, Bukon of the Kokpekty district, in the village Georgievka of Zharma district, in Char, Aksuat, Ayagoz, Urzhar districts) and also in Aktobe, Tselinograd, Kostanai and Pavlodar oblasts. Some Gagauz families live in other regions of Kazakhstan, as well as Tashkent region of Uzbekistan [5, p.219].
As shown by the questionnaire data of this international project, nowadays Gagauzians also live in the cities of Almaty, Astana, Pavlodar, Turkestan, Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions. The reason for migration to the republic over the past decade has been: either personal circumstances (the creation of a family), or work in the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the latest population census in 2009, 493 Gagauzes live in the Republic of Kazakhstan [6].
Unlike many Turkic peoples, the Gagauz people are Orthodox believers, the icons are kept in houses. Nevertheless, the influence of Islam is noted, the Gagauz celebrate Kurban Bayram, Oraza Bayram. So, the participant of the sociological survey Kristina Toymaly (Astana, 22 years old) writes in the questionnaire that the confession is Christian: "If Easter, we bake cakes and go to church." If the holiday is Kurban bairam, we prepare national Kazakh dishes. " In addition, some Gagauzians living in the Republic profess Islam. "I go to madrasah, I pray, I follow all the rituals during Kurban Bayram", - the respondents Yuri, Ali, Stepan [www.tuyrki.weebly.com].
As our studies have shown, according to the documents, the nationality is documented as Gagauz, except for those Gagauzians who migrated from Moldova recently, where the nationality is not indicated in the passport. And for independent ethnic self-determination, 90% of respondents consider themselves also Gagauzians or call themselves gajals. The ethnic composition of the Gagauzians has been influenced on the one hand by the Slavic peoples - Bulgarians, Poles, Russians (some Gagauz identify themselves as Bulgarians); on the other hand, they are close in language, historical and ethno-cultural aspect, with the Turkic peoples, and especially with the Turks. These processes of assimilation are reflected in culture, in family-marital relations, in anthroponyms. Therefore, their surnames are either Slavic (Elena Dmitrieva), or Bulgarian, or Turkic-Slavic, or Turkic (Tomail, Dolapchy, Pulukchu, Dobrev, Radyshev, Karagyaur, Uzunov, etc.), or the name can be Slavic, and the surname is Turkic, for example, Vitali Demiroglu, or Slavic (Russian) names, and Bulgarian names (Ratmir Manov, Stepan Manov, Kristina Toimaly) [www.tmk.kz]. By creating families with representatives of their ethnic group, at the same time Gagauzians can get married with Russians, Ukrainians, Bulgarians, Tatars, Turks, ie. many mixed families, which also confirms the activity of the assimilation process.
The Turks had a great influence on the social and ethnocultural life of the Gagauz, especially during the conquest of the Balkan peoples - Bulgarians, Gagauzians, Macedonians, etc. As the researchers note, many Gagauzians forgot the Bulgarian language, because the Turks forbade speaking it. Conversely, the Gagauzians were supposed to speak Turkish: according to the questionnaire data and modern Gagauzes speak Turkish well. The Gagauzians themselves believe that the ethnonym Gagauz is the product of the Turks. For the abovementioned, A.S Amanzholov gives illustrations from a conversation with the Gagauz, residents of the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan. So, the folk etymology says: a) the gagany tut uz - "keep your beak straight," - that's what the Turks used to say when they beat the Bulgarians in the face (Kokpety village, I.I.Karaguarov reported, 55 years old); b) gaga uz - "the beak of a straight line" - was the name of the Bulgarians speaking Turkish, unlike the hump-nosed Turks (Romanovka village, reported to N.A.Panteleeva, 56 years old.) [5, p.221].
They call their language Turkic or Turkish (Turki dili). As the native language of the Gagauzes, they consider Gagauz, Russian, and Turkish. As the personal data show, respondents, calling the Gagauz as the native language (especially young people under 23 years old) do not know the Gagauz language and did not study it. On the contrary, the older generation of 40 and older know their mother tongue, studied it in primary or secondary school. Many Gagauzes lived and live in a Russian-speaking environment, speak Russian since childhood, studied in schools, colleges and universities. More than 60% of Gagauz people living in the Republic of Kazakhstan know one or another level of the Kazakh language. On the question of the questionnaire (question E-20) "Do you understand the meaning of the words " Ak Orda "," Baiterek "," Mazhilis "," Mazhilismen ", " Khabar "," Akim "," Nauryz "," Nauryz kozhe " ? 100 % of the respondents answered: "Yes." [www.tuyrki.weebly.com] Similar answers determine the ownership and attitude to the Kazakh language of the numerous peoples living in Kazakhstan, including Gagauz. In general, the Gagauzians are friendly towards the Kazakhs , know the Kazakh culture, traditions, cuisine, willingly are friends with Kazakhs, Russians, Azerbaijanis, Ukrainians living in Kazakhstan and are not going to migrate to another country.
In the future, 99% of Gagauz residents want to study Gagauzian language in Sunday schools, secondary schools, secondary specialized schools (question E-18).
The Gagauz language belongs to the Oguz group of languages and is close to the Turkish language in its language system. In our opinion, the main features of the Gagauz language in the phonetic system boil down to the following: diphthongization of upper and medium vowels, the functioning of secondary long vowels, strong palatization of the main body of consonants in combination with the vernacular vowels; in the syntax, unlike the Turkish language, the free order of words in the sentence. A.S.Amanzholov defines closely related links between the language system of the Gagauz and the Turkish languages. Let's mention some of them:
1) the vowel ә in unstressed position usually goes into e: bәn (I) - beni (me), hezhә (night) - hezhelәr (nights), etc. It should be noted, however, that this phenomenon is widely represented in the Chadyrlung and komrat dialects. ..;
2) combinations of nl, ml pass into nn: olannar - boys, insannan - with people, adamnan - with man, annady - understood;
3) the vowels of the front row e, u, ө, ү, ә at the beginning of the word are sometimes pronounced as iotirovannyh: yeev - house, yurdek - duck, yust-up;
4) vowels ө, o in the 1st syllable usually pronounced as a diphthong yo, үө: yon - ten, yonun - him, sүөidy - he spoke;
5) the presence of several forms of the present tense, which differentiate according to the dialects: - (a)yor, -yir, -yir, -er, -yar, -y, yy: aether - takes, oynaeer - plays, goerer - sees;
6) the presence of a grammatical feminine gender with the affix -ka, -yka, borrowed from the Slavic languages: vrachka - female doctor, chingeneyka - gypsy, Bulgarika - Bulgarian, chorbazhyka - mistress;
7) the presence of the postposition (y)lan, (y)len, (y)nan, (y) nen (in the Turkish literary language -ile, -la, -le): almayilan - with an apple, ekmelklan - with bread, chobannan - with a shepherd, chezmemnan - with my boot, onnar chykynan - as soon as they came out;
8) the Turkic order of words in the sentence under the influence of the Slavic languages was violated, and the relative freedom of word order, the widespread use of inversion in the Gagauz language is used as a stylistic device [5, p.224]. These language features in the phonetic, morphological, syntactic levels of the language, in our opinion, are also characteristic of the Kazakh Gagauz in their speech activity.
The Gagauz people living in Kazakhstan retain their national traditions, customs and rituals. Such ceremonies include the rites of "Dodola", "Pererada", "Herman"; the rite of causing rain; wedding customs. As the respondents note, "during the matchmaking, the future daughter-in-law prepares all the coffee, and the groom gives it to him with salt, and if he drinks coffee calmly and immediately, then it will easily overcome all the difficult moments of life" (according to the respondent Ali, 22 years old , Turkestan) [www.tuyrki.weebly.com]. Many Gagauzians want to create an ethnocultural Gagauz center in Astana (Ratmir Manov, Stepan Manov) in order to preserve the national culture, national identity, language.
The older generation of Gagauzians know the oral folk creativity of their people - fairy tales, legends, myths; with great pleasure convey the content of the epics "Koroghly", "Karagez".
And yet among the youth there are many patriots who want to know their language, traditions, culture. As an illustration, we cite a poem by a young Gagauz (a medical student) printed in Turkestan on March 15, 2014 in the newspaper ‘Yasavi Gazetasa’. The poem was also published in Moldova in the newspaper "United Gagauzia". The poem was written in Turkish, but, as the author himself notes, there is a version of it in the native Gagauz language.
Sevdim seni Gagavuzya / Love you, my Gagauzia
Sevdim seni Gagavuzya Love you, my Gagauzia.
Hiçbir zaman seni unutmam I will never forget you.
Askerlik yapmadan durulmaz I go to the army,
Durulmaz karşı düşmana To your enemies
Ki ben bir gün duracağım karşısında Fight till the end.
Gece gündüz bu türküyü çalarım Day and night I chant you.
Hep sen benim aklımda Always you are in my memory
Sevdim seni bir çiçek gibi As flowers I love you,
Kokun yüreğimde kaldı Wonderful smells of yours in my heart.
Ne zaman baksam yıldızlara Watching the night stars
, Benden o kadar uzaktasın I know, I am far from my homeland. Aslında bana o kadar yakınsın But you are near and dear to me,
Çünkü burası da benim memleketim Because this is my country!
Çünkü burası da benim! Because this is my land!
Vitali Demiroğlu
(translation into Russian N.G.Shaimerdinova)
As can be seen from the text, the poem is patriotic, not being a professional poet, the author was able to express his love for the Homeland of Gagauzia, to his native land, he is ready to protect him from enemies and to sing his day and night. At the same time, the poem is very lyrical - flowers, wonderful smells, night stars, light sadness - convey a special author's tonality to the entire text.
The people who have such sons, undoubtedly have a future, no matter what.
Bibliography
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RESUME
The article is devoted to the Gagauz, living in the Republic of Kazakhstan - is considered the origins of the ethnogenesis of the people, the causes of their migration in Kazakhstan, a local place of residence, and the number of their religion; reveals the influence of Turkic (including Turkish), the Slavic peoples' language, culture and life of the Gagauz; We investigate the system features of the Gagauz language, possession of native and other languages, including Kazakh; has been noted Gagauz knowledge of their rites and customs, folklore; illustrated poem lyrics of the young poet- Gagauz, residents in the present time in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Keywords: Gagauz, history, migration, Kazakhstan, residence, population, religion, language, system features, customs and rituals, creativity.
N.G. Shaimerdinova - Doctor of Philology, Professor